采用三种商业3D打印机尝试加工了金属材质和树脂材质的微型靶零件。通过EOSINT M290 3D打印机以激光烧结的方式加工了钛金属靶架；通过Object 30 Pro 3D打印机以聚丙烯树脂为材料,通过喷射打印的方式加工了构型复杂的树脂靶架；通过Freeform Pico 3D打印机以蜡质树脂为材料,通过光固化成型的加工方式,获得了微腔、圆柱和平面元件,并在其表面设计了周期性图形结构。采用光学工具显微镜和共聚焦显微镜对样品的尺寸和表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明：金属靶架的线粗糙度为7.3~17.79 μm,抛光之后降低为0.87~1.66 μm；树脂靶架的面均方根粗糙度为2.88 μm；微腔和圆柱元件端面的面均方根粗糙度为2.03 μm,表面的条纹周期与设计值偏差为1.40%,平均振幅值偏差为55.50%；平面元件的面均方根粗糙度为4.87 μm,表面调制图形的周期与设计值偏差为0.80%,平均振幅偏差为3.60%。通过商业3D打印机加工靶零件,为惯性约束聚变实验中微靶零件的加工提供了新思路。

利用神光Ⅱ装置上搭建的用于激光冲击波实验的温度诊断系统(该系统包括高时空分辨的扫描高温计和谱时分辨的扫描高温计)，以强激光加载铝材料冲击温度的测量，获得了铝材料冲击高温辐射发光谱的高时空分辨信号图像，结合灰体辐射理论模型，计算得到了冲击波速度19.06 km/s时铝材料的冲击温度达2.95 eV，该温度与SESAME库中冲击温度接近。研究结果表明采用该测温系统能够有效诊断金属材料的冲击温度，为后续进一步获取金属材料冲击温度数据奠定了基础。

A polystyrene (CH)/resorcinol formaldehyde (RF)/CH tri-layer perturbation target for hydrodynamic instability experiments in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) was designed and fabricated and its features were discussed. The target was composed of a perturbed CH layer, a RF aerogel sheet and an unperturbed CH layer. The detailed fabrication method consisted of four steps. An aluminum alloy template with sinusoidal perturbation patterns was prepared by the single-point diamond turning technology; the CH layer was prepared via a simple method which called dip-coating method; the RF aerogel sheet was prepared by sol–gel and supercritical drying process; finally, a CH layer, the RF aerogel sheet and another CH layer were put on the perturbed aluminum alloy template and hot-pressed at 150 ℃ for 2 h to make these three layers adhered together without the use of adhesive and to transfer the perturbation patterns from the template to the CH layer. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure of the RF aerogel sheet. Parameters of the target, such as perturbation wavelength (T) and perturbation amplitude (A), were characterized by QC-5000 tool microscope and alpha-step 500 surface profiler. The results showed that T and A of the target were about 55 and 3.88 lm respectively, the perturbation patterns transferred from the alloy template to the CH layer precisely. Thickness of the perturbed CH layer (H1), RF aerogel sheet (H2) and unperturbed CH layer (H3) and cross-section of the tri-layer target were characterized by QC-5000 tool microscope and SEM. H1, H2 and H3 were about 50, 300 and 20 lm respectively, the cross-sectional photographs of the target showed that the CH layer and the RF aerogel sheet adhered perfectly with each other. As this CH/RF/CH tri-layer target use the RF aerogel to simulate the DT ice of the ignition target capsule, the whole target very close to the actual ignition target capsule.

High precision polystyrene equation of state data were measured using laser-driven shock waves with pressures from 180 GPa to 700 GPa. α quartz was used as standard material, the shock wave trajectory in quartz and polystyrene was measured using the Velocity Interferometer for Any Reflector (VISAR). Instantaneous shock velocity in quartz and polystyrene was obtained when the shock wave pass the interface. This provided ～1% precision in shock velocity measurements.

High-power laser induced shocks were used to study spall fracture of polycrystalline aluminum at strain rates more than 106/s at “Shenguang-Ⅱ” laser facility.The free surface velocity histories of shock-loaded samples,150 μm thick and with initial temperature from 293 K to 873 K,were recorded using velocity interferometer system for any reflector(VISAR).From the free surface velocity profile ,spall strength and yield stress are calculated,which shows that spall strength declines while yield strength increases with initial temperature increasing.The loaded samples were recovered for metallographic analysis through Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy.It is found that there are more micro-voids and more bigger voids near the spall plane.Meanwhile,the grain size increases with temperature slowly except the sharp change at 893K(near melting point).Besides,the fracture mechanisms change from mainly intergranular fracture to transgranular fracture with initial temperature increasing.

在神光-Ⅱ装置上利用强激光加载铝材料进行高应变率(高于106s-1)层裂实验,研究不同初始温度下高纯铝材料的动态损伤特性.采用任意反射面速度干涉仪测量样品自由面速度剖面,由自由面速度剖面计算纯铝样品层裂强度与屈服应力.结果表明:随着温度升高,材料层裂强度减小,屈服应力增大.对激光加载前后样品进行金相分析,观察不同初始温度下纯铝材料的微介观结构变化及其损伤特性.结果表明:随着温度升高,样品晶粒尺度缓慢增大,但在873 K(近熔点)时晶粒尺度急剧增加;层裂面附近小孔洞数目较多,孔洞尺寸也较大,而远离层裂面处,孔洞数目相对较少,且尺寸也较小;材料的断裂方式随温度升高由沿晶断裂为主逐渐变为穿晶断裂为主.

A polystyrene (CH)/aluminum (Al) dual-layer perturbation target for hydrodynamic instability experi-ments in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) was designed and fabricated. The target was composed of aperturbed 40 m Al foil and a CH layer. The detailed fabrication method consisted of four steps. The 40 mAl foil was first prepared by roll and polish process; the perturbation patterns were then introduced onthe surface of the Al foil by the single-point diamond turning (SPDT) technology; the CH layer was pre-pared via a simple method which called spin-coating process; finally, the CH layer was directly coatedon the perturbation surface of Al foil by a hot-press process to avoid the use of a sticker and to eliminatethe gaps between the CH layer and the Al foil. The parameters of the target, such as the perturbationwavelength (T) and perturbation amplitude (A), were characterized by a QC-5000 tool microscope, analpha-step 500 surface profiler and a NT1100 white light interferometer. The results showed that T and Aof the target were about 52 μm and 7.34 μm, respectively. Thickness of the Al foil (H1), thickness of theCH layer (H2), and cross-section of the dual-layer target were characterized by a QC-5000 tool micro-scope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). H1 and H2 were about 40 μm and 15 μm, respectively,the cross-sectional photographs of the target showed that the CH layer and the Al foil adhered perfectlywith each other.

The fabrication of metal film steps used in equation of state experiment targets was investigated. The metal film step of hundreds of microns width was cut by picosecond laser processing technology. The factors of generating heat effect in the processing were analyzed. The processing parameters were as follows: power 0.5 W, pulse width 10 ps, wavelength 355 nm, and scanning speed 100 mm/s. Two metal films of 400 and 120 microns width were obtained in the experiment. The measurement results show that the width of metal film can be precisely controlled and the quality of metal film surface before and after cutting was the same.

In this paper, we systematically study preheating in laser-direct-drive shocks by using a velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR). Using the VISAR, we measured free surface velocity histories of Al samples over time, 10–70 lm thick, driven directly by a laser at different frequencies (2x, 3x). Analyzing our experimental results, we concluded that the dominant preheating source was X-ray radiation. We also discussed how preheating affected the material initial density and the measurement of Hugoniot data for high-Z materials (such as Au) using impedance matching. To reduce preheating, we proposed and tested three kinds of targets.